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A cloud-to-ground lightning return stroke can heat the air inside its narrow channel to roughly 30,000 kelvin, more than five times the temperature of the Sun’s visible surface. The heating happens within millionths of a second, forcing the air to expand so violently that it produces the shock wave we hear as thunder, according to the National Severe Storms Laboratory. The light and the sound are therefore different stages of the same physical event. The flash is the intensely hot, electrically conducting channel, while the thunder is the atmosphere’s mechanical response to being heated almost instantaneously. No instrument is placed…

Key PointsSen. Peter Welch and Rep. Joe Courtney are pushing Congress a second time this year to pass a bill setting all federal student loan interest to 0%.The bill would automatically zero out interest on existing Direct Loans starting July 1, 2026, funded by a new Education Affordability Trust Fund.The renewed push comes as an estimated 9.5 million borrowers (1 in 5) sit in default on $233.3 billion in federal student debt. Sen. Peter Welch (D-Vt.) and Rep. Joe Courtney (D-Conn.) held a press conference on Capitol Hill last week urging Congress to take up the Student Loan Interest Elimination…

Turn a smartphone from portrait to landscape and the display follows within a fraction of a second. The motion feels almost effortless, but the measurement begins with a physical structure inside the phone moving through a distance measured in nanometres. That structure is part of a MEMS accelerometer, short for micro-electro-mechanical system. Inside it, a silicon proof mass hangs from flexible beams while rows of microscopic conductive fingers sit beside matching fixed electrodes, forming a mechanical machine small enough to disappear inside a chip package. A mechanical machine built in silicon A MEMS accelerometer works around the same basic arrangement…

High-yield savings account rates have dropped heading into July, with many of the popular top options seeing large cuts last week, with one major exception – the market leader EverBankAs of July 27, 2026, some online banks are still offering interest rates up to 4.15% APY. This is still much better than the average of 0.38% APY, according to the FDIC.Banks and credit unions are constantly adjusting their annual percentage yields (APYs) as markets react to Federal Reserve policy and inflation data, so staying up to date can make a real difference. Here’s where the best savings rates stand today…

Most mid-year market outlooks do the same thing. They recap what happened, make a few educated guesses about what’s coming, and send you off with a list of things to watch. They’re not useless. But they’re also not what most physician investors actually need right now. What most physician investors need is a different frame altogether. Not a better prediction. A better question. The question isn’t “what’s the market going to do in the second half of 2026?” The question is: “Is my financial life structured to handle multiple different versions of the next six months?” Those are very different…

Harvard’s Mark II began solving test problems in July 1947 with approximately 13,000 electromechanical relays clicking inside it. The machine could perform eight additions, four multiplications, and twelve transfers every second, while its 100 relay registers stored roughly 1,200 decimal digits. Those figures came from a contemporary description of the machine published shortly after it was built. They describe a computer whose arithmetic depended not on microchips or electronic memory, but on thousands of physical switches opening and closing in carefully arranged sequences. The famous moth found inside Relay 70 was therefore more than a comic accident. It exposed the…

On the evening of 2 November 1988, a Cornell graduate student named Robert Tappan Morris uploaded a small C program to a machine at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and set it loose on the internet. Within hours, computers at Berkeley, Stanford, Princeton, NASA Ames, the RAND Corporation, Lawrence Livermore and dozens of other sites were grinding to a halt, spawning hundreds of copies of a mysterious process that ate every spare cycle of CPU time. By the following afternoon, system administrators across the United States were pulling network cables out of the wall in self-defence. It was the first…

Key PointsFederal student loans offer the most borrower protections and flexible repayment options, but there are major changes to graduate and parent PLUS loans.Private loans and education lines of credit may help fill funding gaps, but typically come with fewer protections.Alternatives like HELOCs or personal loans are available, but carry different financial risks and borrowing conditions. When it comes to paying for college or graduate school, students and their families face a very different menu of borrowing options than they did a year ago. The One Big Beautiful Bill Act rewrote the federal student loan program, and the biggest changes…

On 9 December 1968, Douglas Engelbart sat at a custom console in San Francisco and used a small pointing device to move a cursor across a giant projected screen. Over the next 90 minutes, roughly 1,000 computing professionals watched him edit text in real time, follow hypertext links, divide the display into different views, and collaborate with colleagues whose faces and cursors appeared from a laboratory in Menlo Park. The machine doing the work was not onstage. Engelbart was operating the oN-Line System, or NLS, on an SDS 940 computer at Stanford Research Institute about 30 miles away, with commands…

SoFi Technologies told federal securities regulators that its private student loans can be wiped out in bankruptcy under certain conditions, a quiet admission that cuts against one of the most repeated lines in personal finance.The disclosure sits in SoFi’s annual report (a Form 10-K filed with the SEC) for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025. In the Risk Factors section, the company warns investors that its “private education loans may be discharged in bankruptcy in certain situations,” including when a court finds the debt is not a qualified education loan or that repayment would cause undue hardship. SoFi adds…